Glosario
Navegue por el complejo mundo de la administración de divisas con nuestro completo diccionario de términos y definiciones financieras.
El término transferencia internacioanal se refiere a las transacciones entre particulares, empresas bancos o entidades de compensación y liquidación que operan en, al menos, dos países diferentes.
En la mayor parte de los casos, la transacción se realiza entre dos países que tienen distintas divisas, por lo tanto, las partes implicadas tienen que ejecutar una operación de cambio de divisas para liquidar el pago.
Una excepción a esta norma se produce cuando dos empresas de diferentes países dentro de la zona euro realizan operaciones entre sí, pues utilizan la misma divisa: el euro. Los pagos internacionales en la UE están sujetos a la Regulación (EC) No 924/2009, que obliga a los bancos a aplicar las mismas tarifas a las transacciones internacionales que a las transacciones nacionales.
Las empresas multinacionales que trabajan con cadenas de producción y distribución globales o simplemente con varios proveedores internacionales, pueden tener volumentes importantes de pagos internacionales de forma periódica. En estos casos, muchas compañías integran soluciones de software de procesamiento de pagos globales, para mejorar la eficiencia y liberar al equipo de tesorería de las tareas relacionadas con el procesamiento de pagos manual.
Translation account exposure management refers to the methods used when a firm restates, in the currency in which a company presents its financial statements, of all assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are denominated in foreign currencies. This process of foreign currency translation results in accounting FX gains and losses. There are three main translation account exposure management methods available. With the current/noncurrent method, all the foreign exchange denominated current assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate, while non-current assets and liabilities are translated at the historical exchange rate. With the monetary/nonmonetary method, monetary items such as cash, accounts receivable and payable, are translated at the current exchange rate, while nonmonetary items (inventory, fixed assets) are translated at the historical exchange rate. Finally, with the current rate method, all balance sheet and income statement items are translated at the current exchange rate. No matter what translation account exposure management method is used, the resulting FX gains and losses are paper only, and rarely affect cash flows.
Translation risk is the possibility that the translation into a company’s assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are denominated in foreign currencies will result in foreign exchange gains and losses. Translation risk is also known as accounting risk. Unlike transaction risk, translation risk reflects paper gains and losses determined by the accounting rules that prevail in each country. It is retrospective because it is based on activities that occurred in the past.